Application of overreaching distance relays page 4 of 49 2. Form 6 microprocessorbased service information pole mount. The microprocessor design lowered costs, improved design and installation ease, and allowed for computational solutions to problems mentioned previously. Distance relay or impedance relay working principle types. Micro51 microprocessor based overcurrent relays are used for phase and ground overcurrent protection in utility, industrial and commercial electrical power systems. Another important advantage of the microprocessor based relay is that a microprocessor unit can perform the retransmission operation of several systems. Most of todays microprocessor based relays implement multifunctional protection features. Microprocessor based timeovercurrent relay micro51 micro51 microprocessor based overcurrent relays are used for phase and ground overcurrent protection in utility, industrial and commercial electrical power systems. Refer to service information s280704 kyle form 6 microprocessor based recloser control programming guide for additional information. This thesis presents the design and operation technique for protection of short transmission lines using microprocessor based distance relay.
The protective relay is supposed to respond to these faults in a matter of one cycle16. This paper describes a novel design of an electrical protection relay using microprocessor. Data communication, micro controller, digital logiccomputer design, relay, microprocessorbased impedance relay, high voltage power lines. Later, the induction type mho relays with very high precision came into practice. Index terms distance relay, high impedance faults, prony method, decaying dc component introduction the technology of relays has moved on from the electro mechanical, through electronic, semiconductor and integrated circuit, to microprocessor. Microcontroller based numerical mho distance relay for.
These relays are known as distance relay or impedance relay. Relay logic is very important to understand the microprocessor based relay. This relay appears to be used quite often as a substation controller and not as a protective relay, since it is based on a powerful universal. Microprocessorbased transmission line relay applications. In case of line protection via distance protection schemes, microprocessorbased relays also provide over current protection, directional over current protection for selectivity.
However, any relay tester can perform successful endtoend tests with a basic a basic understanding of transmission line protection or 21. Numerical relays are based on the use of microprocessors. The main advantage of this relay is that it is programmable. The design described in this chapter gives the necessary power by implementing a parallel processing scheme.
Intricate knowledge of the ied configuration software must be known. The ieee device number used to signify a directional element is either a 21 impedance element, based on zvi, and having a distance to fault capability or a 67. A form of protection against faults on longdistance power lines is called distance relaying, so named because it is actually able to estimate the physical distance between the relays sensing transformers pts and cts and the location of the fault. Microprocessorbased distance relay solutions smart grid center. Early microprocessor based relay design 1980s early microprocessor based directional elements ushered in a wave of innovations. Ultra high speed protection of ehv ac transmission lines utilizing distance protection. Sep 01, 2018 there is one type of relay which functions depending upon the distance of fault in the line. This paper presents the design and operation algorithm for the protection of short transmission line using microprocessorbased distance relay. This paper presents an intel 8086 microprocessor based quadrilateral distance relay suitable for the protection of ehv uhv transmission lines. Microprocessor base protection of 2kv line using impedance.
This paper presents the design and operation algorithm for the protection of short transmission line using microprocessor based distance relay. A typical microprocessorbased relay has its functions preconfigured in terms of the a. Understanding microprocessor based relay logic part 1 history of protective relays valence electrical training services. This preliminary work also provides three approaches of determination in probabilities for sensitivity analysis. In practice it has turned out that most mpds simply do not sense the substitution of the whole printed board of one kind for the board of other kind which is not compatible with relay current settings.
This paper present a microprocessorbased distancerelaying scheme suitable for the protection of ehv lines. Typical examples are rez 1 universal phase and ground distance relay for. In addition to customizing specific microprocessor based relay capabilities, skilled integration engineers can also help utilities and industrial facilities design their microprocessor based relay protection systems in such a way as to fully leverage the inherent benefits of the relays and maximize each relay s value. Microprocessorbased protective relays applications in. Distance 21 protection electric power measurement and. For example, a directional ground overcurrent protection is a single electromechanical device, while in the microprocessor based relay it is achieved as combination of overcurrent and directional elements.
A big difference between conventional electromechanical and static relays is how the relays are wired. Despite their advantages, the new technology was competing with wellproven devices. Keywords power system protection, distance relay, line protection, matlabsimulink, apparent impedance. Form 6 microprocessorbased service information pole. The space requirement for the microprocessor based relay scheme is much less than the electromechanical relay scheme 5, 6. The relay can be on or off, that is, it has two stable states. Microcomputer applications in power system substation. Detailed discussion of system, maintenance and testing, interface and costperformance requirements is given. Numerical relays protection and control products for power. The whole circuit of 8085 based home security system consist transmitter, receiver, phaselockedloop and processing section as shown in block diagram.
Developments of power system protection and control. For instance, in some time over current solid state relays, the incoming ac current is first converted. Nov 08, 20 this is a recreation of the first paper i ever presented from the neta conference in 2001 that was the foundation of the relay testing handbook series. This paper describes a multi microprocessor based distance relay implementation. Refer to service information s280704 kyle form 6 microprocessorbased recloser control programming guide for additional information. Journal of microcomputer applications 1983 6, 1523 microprocessor based distance relays badri ram and b. Microprocessor based distance relays have been mostly developed in evrope, u. Commissioning microprocessor based ied communication. At first it was hybrid solutions, where the time critical filtering was performed with analogue electronics. The statistical data introduced by the author coincide with data of other authors and con. This paper presents micro controller based mho relays. Microprocessor based over current relay current is taken from c. Operation and maintenance of protective relays and. In electrical engineering, a protective relay is a relay device designed to trip a circuit breaker when a fault is detected 4 the first protective relays were electromagnetic devices, relying on coils operating on moving parts to provide detection of abnormal operating conditions such as overcurrent, overvoltage, reverse power flow, overfrequency, and underfrequency.
Microprocessorbased distribution relay applications. They are considered as a complete protection package in a single unit. Jan 04, 2015 endtoend testing can appear to be a daunting task. Pdf implementation of microcontroller based distance relay. Microcontroller based distance protection of transmission line using reactance relay. Request pdf microprocessorbased distance relay this paper presents the design and operation algorithm for the protection of short transmission line using.
A survey of the major characteristics of these developments is. Under normal power system operation, a protective relay remains idle and serves no active function. Microprocessor relays with logic and communication capabilities can accomplish this type of scheme by using either hardwired trip contacts or by using communication signals between each other to transfer statuses. Ppt microprocessor based power system protection powerpoint. Protection schemes based on singlefunction relays have the flexibility of connecting the relays practically without any restrictions. Microprocessor based relays, also called digital relays, have a proven track record of reliability, with over 100,000 relay years of field experience.
By using the boolean simplification, we can represent the logic in a microprocessor based relay in a few different ways. Relay scheme design using microprocessor relays a supplement to relay trip circuit design by ieee psrc 1999 4 1 introduction microprocessor based relays have been replacing electromechanical and solid state technology relays for several years. The characteristics of a distance relay is realised by comparing voltage and current at the relay. Keywords digital computer applications, microprocessors. Rjx plot impedence for a fault at 30 km figure 11b. They followed new relaying technologies, evolving from expensive and bulky electromechanical relays, through more compact and faster static relays in the 1970s, to microprocessor based relays in the early 1980s. Microprocessor based home security system electronics project.
Problems and solutions 337 examining the relay s reaction in supplying the signal to them. This impedance between the relay and the fault depends on the electrical distance between them. Typical electromechanical relay scheme panel layout. In over current and earth fault protection schemes 3.
Electromechanical and static relays have fixed wiring and the setting is. However, any relay tester can perform successful endtoend tests with a basic a basic understanding of. More specifically, the relay operates depending upon the impedance between the point of fault and the point where relay is installed. Microprocessor based relays have been replacing electromechanical and solid state technology. Siprotec microprocessor based protective relay history of protective relay around 1980s the digital relay entered the market. Understanding microprocessor based relay logic part 1. Now, microprocessor based digital relays are becoming the norm for new installations and many replacements, because of their improved protective capabilities, reliability, and additional features. Application guidelines for microprocessor based, highimpedance bus differential relays stanley e. Today, the microprocessor based distance relays have been widely used in the main. Microprocessorbased overcurrent relays article pdf available in ieee transactions on industrial electronics ie331. Protective relays work in concert with sensing and control devices to accomplish their function. The characteristics of a distance relay is realised by comparing voltage and current at the relay location. Pdf on dec 27, 2009, parag kanjiya and others published microcontroller based numerical distance relay find, read and cite all the. This paper briefly describes various areas where power system protection equipment suppliers and application engineers have attempted some successfully to push the technical limits of generic distance relays through a consistent quest to enhance distance protection performance.
Pdf implementation of microcontroller based distance. Today, microprocessor based digital and numeric relays are replacing conventional relays in all areas of power system protection. This newer technology includes the added features and capabilities that. Schwartz, schweitzer engineering laboratories, inc. Early microprocessor based relay design 1980s early microprocessor based directional elements ushered in. In some solid state relays, a simple microprocessor does some of the relay logic, but the logic is fixed and simple. Microprocessor based relays in substations zhiyuan yang and cheewooi ten. In this paper, microprocessorbased protective relays mpbrs applications in the nigeria power systems protection were investigated. Zone descriptions the historical use of zone descriptions has been blurred by the modern microprocessor based relaying that can.
Distance protection relay is the name given to the protection, whose action depends on the distance of the feeding point to the fault. Sel provides complete power system protection, control, monitoring, automation, and integration for utilities and industries worldwide. A microprocessorbased quadrilateral distance relay for. The mechanism of the project microprocessor basedhome security system is very simple. Microprocessorbased protective relays deliver more. Zocholl and david costello schweitzer engineering laboratories, inc. Type micro51 and micro51ft microprocessorbased timeovercurrent relays english pdf catalogue. The ratio of voltage v to current i gives the impedance of he line section between the relay location and the fault point. Various manufacturers have developed ways to prevent microprocessor relay output contacts from being damaged when opening with dc current flowing.
This paper presents a microprocessorbased distancerelaying scheme suitable for the protection of ehv lines. If the relay s overcurrent element fails to measure the fault accurately and trip, the level of short circuit could result in a systemwide disaster. This relay appears to be used quite often as a substation controller and not as a protective relay, since it is based on a powerful universal microprocessor supplied with a great number of logical. The result of using electromechanical relays has been an extensive maintenance and design practice. The fundamental principle of distance relying is based. Data communication, micro controller, digital logiccomputer design, relay, microprocessor based impedance relay, high voltage power lines. Power system protection part power system protection. The protection schemes proposed are based on impedance relay.
A digital protective relay may also be called a numeric protective relay. The time of operation of such protection is a function of the ratio of voltage and current, i. Microcontroller based distance protection of transmission line. Siprotec microprocessor based protective relay history of protective relay. Read this manual first read and understand the contents of this manual and follow all locally approved procedures and safety practices.
Implementation and evaluation a simulink model of a. Application guidelines for microprocessorbased, high. The second application is a voltage regulation system which controls tap changing power transformers. In this project microcontroller 8051 was used for comparisons between set impedance and calculated impedance for based distance relay of the protection of transmission line, based on that trip signal is send to circuit breaker. Microprocessorbased distance relay request pdf researchgate. Dec 24, 2012 few words about digital protection relay on photo. Chakravarty bihar college of engineering, patna 800 005, bihar, india this paper presents a microprocessor based distance relaying scheme suitable for the protection of ehv lines. Russia, showed that the reliability of microprocessor based relay is about 60% less than thats of electromechanical relay. Comparison of protection relay types photo by comparison table this comparison summarize characteristics of all protection relay types described in previously published technical articles. Microprocessorbased transmission line relay applications abstract for many years, utilities have used electromechanical relays for power system protection. The article is a continuation of a set of the authors previous publications about the reliability of the microprocessor based protective devices.
The digital protective relay is a protective relay that uses a microprocessor to analyze power system voltages, currents or other process quantities for the purpose of detection of faults in an electric power system or industrial process system. Verma, abdurrahman shuaibu, and mubarak auwal saleh the. Cyberinduced risk modeling for microprocessorbased. Alexander general electric co malvern, pa introduction distance functions have been in use for many years and have progressed from the original electromechanical types thr ough analog types and now up. Resistive reach limitations of a generic distance relay are also discussed. Implementation and evaluation a simulink model of a distance. Microprocessor based protections are more reliable, flexible and faster than conventional protection schemes. Published in sel journal of reliable power, volume 2, number 3, september 2011 previously presented at the 36th annual western protective relay conference, october 2009. The program can handle the online calculations and make the decision accordingly. Microprocessor controlled relays in microprocessor based relays the digital processing unit is the microprocessor. Microprocessor relays provide many functions that were not available in electromechanical or solidstate designs.
Emr distance relays for the protection of transmission lines in the past, and many such relays are still in use in power systems today. Usually the relay engineer may be familiar with the procedure of setting the relay and forcing the functions, however, the scada engineer may not be knowledgeable with the. Types and revolution of electrical relays introduction. Distance elements went through a series of improvements and refinements in their first decades. The digital filtering algorithm used for extracting the fundamental frequency components from the complex postfault relaying signals is based on rationalized haar transform rht. Description the powerlogic digital relay figure 1 is a multifunction, microprocessor based device which performs these functions. Sel products, systems, services, and training make electric power safer, more reliable, and more economical. Microprocessor based relays create phasors from sinusoid waveform input relay word bits control relay io microprocessor based relays offer many troubleshooting and fault analysis tools selogic control equations provide programming flexibility to create virtual control circuits. Problems and solutions 337 examining the relays reaction in supplying the signal to them.
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